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Apples: Timing Calcium to Prevent Bitter Pit

Apples: Timing Calcium to Prevent Bitter Pit

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Question 1 of 10

1. Question

Which statement best describes bitter pit?

A whole-tree calcium deficiency
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A potassium deficiency caused by excessive fruit growth
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A localised calcium deficiency affecting small areas of fruit tissue
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A disease caused by fungal infection
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Question 2 of 10

2. Question

Why are apple fruits poor competitors for calcium compared with leaves?

Leaves have much higher transpiration rates than fruit
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Apples contain less water than leaves
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Apples actively reject calcium after fruit set
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Calcium can only move through phloem tissue
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Question 3 of 10

3. Question

During which period can apples absorb calcium most effectively?

Harvest to storage
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Fruit expansion and ripening
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Post-harvest storage
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King bloom to petal fall
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Question 4 of 10

4. Question

When is bitter pit actually created?

During storage after harvest
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During fruit ripening immediately before harvest
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During the cell division phase of early fruit development
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When fruit are exposed to rain close to harvest
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Question 5 of 10

5. Question

Why do bitter pit symptoms often appear much later than the underlying problem develops?

Calcium deficiencies only develop near harvest
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Calcium moves from the fruit into the leaves late in the season
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Bitter pit is caused by storage conditions
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The affected tissues become visible only after fruit expansion causes cell collapse
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Question 6 of 10

6. Question

What is the primary purpose of early-season calcium applications?

Improve fruit colour
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Increase fruit size
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Improve post-harvest firmness
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Prevent bitter pit by supporting proper fruit development
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Question 7 of 10

7. Question

What is the primary purpose of later-season calcium applications?

Protect fruit quality, firmness and storability
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Increase flowering the following year
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Improve pollination success
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Increase leaf calcium concentration
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Question 8 of 10

8. Question

Why can increasing calcium application rates alone produce disappointing results?

Apple trees stop absorbing calcium after flowering
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Excess calcium causes bitter pit
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The main bottleneck is often absorption rather than calcium supply
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Calcium is rapidly lost from the soil
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Question 9 of 10

9. Question

According to the module, why might an orchard in South Africa require a different programme from one in England?

Higher environmental stress increases the retention challenge
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The varieties are genetically different
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South African fruit are larger
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Calcium fertilisers behave differently in South African soils
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Question 10 of 10

10. Question

Which statement best summarises the key lesson from this module?

Bitter pit can be prevented by applying as much calcium as possible
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Bitter pit is primarily a soil fertility problem
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Foliar calcium applications are unnecessary in apples
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Successful calcium management depends on transport, absorption, timing and retention
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