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Carrots: When Physiology Meets Pathology

Carrots: When Physiology Meets Pathology

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Question 1 of 12

1. Question

What is cavity spot?

A nutrient deficiency caused by low potassium
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A bacterial disease of carrot foliage
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A storage disorder caused by excess calcium
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A physiological disorder associated with Pythium infection and local calcium deficiency
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Question 2 of 12

2. Question

Why is Pythium described as an opportunistic pathogen?

It preferentially infects tissues that have become physiologically weak
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It can infect any tissue equally well
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It only infects plants during drought
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It only infects roots containing excess calcium
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Question 3 of 12

3. Question

What structural role does calcium play in plants?

It increases sugar production only
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It strengthens cell walls and stabilises membranes
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It increases chlorophyll concentration only
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It controls root depth
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Question 4 of 12

4. Question

Why does disease incidence often increase after periods of stress?

Stress creates new pathogens
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Stress increases soil calcium levels
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Stress can reduce structural calcium levels and increase tissue susceptibility
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Stress eliminates beneficial microbes
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Question 5 of 12

5. Question

Why is it surprising that carrots can suffer from local calcium deficiencies?

Carrots are surrounded by calcium-rich soil throughout development
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Carrots do not absorb calcium
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Carrots have no vascular system
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Carrots are harvested before maturity
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Question 6 of 12

6. Question

Why are older tissues near the shoulder of the carrot root more vulnerable?

They contain excessive auxin
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They have higher transpiration rates
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They absorb too much calcium
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They have lower auxin levels and reduced calcium absorption capacity
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Question 7 of 12

7. Question

Which pillar is most important in explaining why cavity spot develops later in the season?

Capacity only
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Retention
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Transport only
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Capacity and transport only
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Question 8 of 12

8. Question

What did the post-harvest carrot experiments demonstrate?

LoCal-treated calcium improved firmness and storage quality
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Conventional calcium increased firmness more than Albina
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Water performed better than calcium treatments
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Calcium could not enter mature carrot tissue
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Question 9 of 12

9. Question

Why was the Warwick University study important?

It eliminated all pathogens from the soil
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It tested cavity spot under deliberately elevated Pythium pressure
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It measured only yield
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It compared varieties only
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Question 10 of 12

10. Question

How did Albina reduce cavity spot incidence?

By killing Pythium directly
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By strengthening host tissue and reducing susceptibility
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By reducing root growth
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By increasing soil pH
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Question 11 of 12

11. Question

Why are post-harvest Albina dips an interesting opportunity?

Carrots cannot be stored after harvest
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Albina acts as a disinfectant
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Cavity spot can continue to develop during storage
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Post-harvest treatments increase auxin production
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Question 12 of 12

12. Question

Which statement best summarises the key lesson from this module?

Disease management begins with fungicide selection
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Cavity spot is caused entirely by Pythium
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Calcium is only important during early root development
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Disease management begins when we build strong, resilient plant tissues
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